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Cosmic Physics   Though it has started recently, it's best for cosmic enthusiasts. It is well written and frequently posted.   World Science U This website contains lectures by famous physicists. One of the best course is Special Relativity by Brian Greene. See The Elegant Universe By Brian Greene to know more.   Khan Academy - High School You would have all known Khan Academy. It is the best online tool for school children. If you have begun physics and don't know the basics yet, this is the right place to start!     Phys.org Phys.org are updated frequently, so contains up to date news.   The Institute of Physics The official blog of IOP (the Institute of Physics) is a discussion about advancing physics for the benefit of all.

I just finished reading Brian Greene's  The Elegant Universe ! For starters, this is one of few physics books which got New York Times Bestseller .  Brian Greene explains the unintuitive  String Theory , such that even an average person would understand!   STRING THEORY String theory is an attempt to unify all the laws of physics into a single equation. String theory also tries to join  quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity , which gets divided by zero (which is impossible in math and physics) when we try to join them together!   Let's see the contents of the book. SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY  Before starting String theory, we should know why we need String theory. So, Brian starts with teaching relativity. This theory says that time flows differently for two objects moving at different speeds. GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY The general theory of relativity says that gravity is just the bending of spacetime. It also says that time flows slower when we are ne

  There are about 5 lakh debris or space junk orbiting our planet at a speed of 28000 km/h! This issue is a rising problem for space stations and institutions. Their velocity is very fast, such that it can go through and damage satellites and spacecraft. WHAT ARE THESE SPACE JUNK These space junk consists mostly of synthetic materials but also some debris of meteoroids. The artificial junks are the unused or dead spacecraft, launch vehicle stages and mission-related debris. There is about 2 lakh debris that outsizes a softball, capable of damaging anything that comes in their way. EVENTS 1996:  a French satellite was damaged due to the explosion of Fench rocket which occurred a decade earlier. February 10, 2009:  a disused Russian spacecraft collided and ruined a functioning a US Iridium telescope. It added more than 2000 debris to the orbit! 2007:  China used missiles to destroy an old weather satellite, adding more than 3000 debris. HOW TO AVOID HITTING BY A DEBRIS Nasa is constru

"Chandrasekhar!" a robotic voice proclaimed "Yes, sir!" replied Chandrasekhar. "Go for undocking!" In the next five minutes was the perspiring moment for the astronauts.  "Telecom Go!" proclaimed the speaker. The Majestic  flew over up in a high velocity and pitched up to slow down the  Majestic.  It landed like a helicopter safely and soundly. The last "Go!" was yelled, and the door fell. Soon, Subramanyam will be the first man to land on  Planet Hypatia,  maybe the next Earth! Physicists Raman and Chein-Shiung Wu were on a shuttle revolving Hypatia . Dr Sivan told it was the best place to check on  Aries binary stars.  They kept the telescope ready, to reason out the anomaly that has driven astrophysicists crazy!  Wu scoped through the  Aries A  star and noticed the  B star.  Raman checked the final image, which has colour codings according to the elements present. The results shocked the scientists. It was nothing but diffusion. T

ESA or the European Space Agency has discovered various bodies of liquids under the surface of Mars. They have discovered liquids under the south pole with the help of Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument . The Radar of MARSIS penetrates the surface of Mars and ice, thus sensed liquids in size of oceans and seas. A large body of the liquid was found separated from small bodies by dry patches. Liquid Bodies are found under the south pole of Mars     This is not our first discovery.  MARSIS has found liquids before in 2018. But scientists were sceptical. It once again proved the discovery.   The discovery is a major step of the journey of life on Mars. Whether they are extinct or not, we have a chance for colonisation in Mars. Maybe the liquid is water !

  A scientific study published in 2019, says that we can find extraterrestrial life by finding the amount of  phosphine  in the atmosphere of planets. Phosphine is a gas produced by anaerobic organisms, organisms who don't need oxygen to live. Phosphine : PH 3 Phosphine is found in gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. It is because of an abundant source of hydrogen, not due to life forms. But in oxygen-rich like Earth, they are not prevalent.    Phosphine Molecules on the clouds of Venus   Recently, we have discovered phosphine in the clouds of Venus. It is not our first sighting. Vega probes of Soviet union have landed on the surface of Venus and predicted phosphorus. But it was not precise. Vega founded particles about 1 micron thick (Thickness of bacteria) suspending on the atmosphere. But how anything can live in Venus which is covered by a deadly acid, Sulphuric acid! Picture of Surface of Venus One of the ideas is that sulphur molecule (S8) covers microbes of the Venus. Sulph

Chandrayaan 1 orbiter has shown that the moon is rusting! People who have studied school would have known that iron rusts when exposed to oxygen or water, and there is no atmosphere surrounding the moon. So how does the moon rust? WHAT IS RUST? Rust or Iron Oxide is a chemical phenomenon found in iron gates, nails and any other iron exposed to oxygen. WHY IS MARS REDDISH? You guessed it! The culprit is rust.       HOW IS MOON GETTING RUST? DOES IT HAVE A SECRET ATMOSPHERE? Moon does not have an atmosphere. It's Earth's fault! Maybe the atmosphere of Earth causes the moon to rust. A type of rust called  Hematite  is found rich in the poles. It first shocked the people. But then they figured out that water on the moon may react with rocks, to cause a variety of rocks! SO, WHAT'S NEXT? Moon will slowly go reddish like mars. That's all.

Andromeda galaxy (Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula )  is our nearest galaxy about 2.5 million  light-years  far. The mass of the Andromeda Galaxy is of the same order of magnitude as that of the Milky Way.  The Halo if it is visible. It is expected to collide with Milky Way in about 4.5 billion years and form an elliptical galaxy. It is recently proven as scientists using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have mapped the halo of Andromeda entering our Milky Way! Halo:  an immense envelope of gas. This light and invisible halo extends from her parent galaxy(about 1.3 million light-years) and are halfway through of ours. It is a layered structure with a complex one inside it.  The outer shell is smoother and hotter, whereas the inner is long. The difference may have formed due to numerous supernova explosions.  The halo is found by quasars, which acts as a torchlight. Because we live inside the Milky Way, scientists cannot easily interpret the signature of o

Brief History of Time   by Stephen Hawking was the first physics book I finished. Stephen Hawking,  the renowned pop-star theoretical physicist, has done a great job in writing a book which can be read by average readers! Though it is a little old compared to today's science. I assure you that you will receive a lot of knowledge after reading the book. A book required for any science enthusiast. This is a small book, so you can finish in 2 days! I'm going to give an outline of the book. Don't worry, this won't be counted as spoilers. This is not a storybook! OUR PICTURE OF UNIVERSE Hawking travels through time to show us the mankind's interpretation of the world. From the earth standing on top of tortoises to flat-earthers to Copernican theory (The Earth is spherical). From static universe to an ever-expanding universe!  QUANTUM MECHANICS The well-known but not well-understood theory is the  Quantum Mechanics.  The book teaches us the Uncertainty principle and a lot

The SAA (South Atlantic Anomaly) present over South America and South Atlantic Ocean is weakening.  As it gets bigger, it expands westwards and split the magnetic field into two!  NASA says that it can poses little risk to life!  WHAT IS SAA? The South Atlantic Anamoly (SAA) is an evolving weak spot of Earth's Magnetic Field. This unique region has been expanding for over a decade. NASA concludes that it is splitting into two distinct zones.     HOW DID EARTH GET  A MAGNETIC FIELD? To understand the consequence of splitting, we have to know about magnetic fields. Processes of Earth's iron outer core generates the electric field continuously. This makes the most part of the magnetic field. The magnetic field acts like a shield preventing harmful particles from the sun. The particles are trapped by the magnetic field and thus, prevents it from reaching the surface. SO WHAT'S WITH SAA? The mantle and core magnetic variations below the SAA are the causes. Due to the reducti

On  August 16 2020 ,  An asteroid sized 3 to 6 metres (10 to 20 feet) was found just 2950 km above the Earth's surface! The astonishing discovery was recorded by the students of IIT Bombay and Taiwan.   Helping make a discovery like this, so early in my research project, is beyond what I had ever imagined   -Sharma,  a third-year student of mechanical engineering at IIT-B. Named  2020QG,  the closest asteroid ever to be found near Earth without impacting it became an early success for the students. The discovers Kunal Deshmukh and Kritti Sharma and Chen-Yen Hsu at National Central University in Taiwan are a part of an international team seeking out Near-Earth Asteroids.          This is the first image of Asteroid 2020 QG, captured by Caltech's Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) after the asteroid's closest approach to Earth at a distance of 1,830 miles above the planet's surface. The asteroid shows up as a stre